One of the virtual channels of the BS ports is used as an escape channel and adopts the dimension-order XY deadlock-free routing algorithm. The network guarantees deadlock freedom by employing the well-known escape channel concept. Thus, as mentioned before, packets in our network may switch between the AS and BS sub-networks several times to reach their destinations. This involves maintaining the end point address of each VAL in the VAL's source router to use for making decision. If more than one VAL is found, the longer VAL is considered first. If there is such a VAL, it will be prioritized over the BS ports and used to shorten packet's journey. Also, in particular, our algorithm considers whether there exists a free VAL that begins from the current router and ends at some router along the path toward the packet's destination. The algorithm checks the related free ports and allocates one of them to the packet. The proper output port for a packet is determined based on a minimal routing scheme, so a packet is only allowed to take the ports along one of the shortest paths toward the destination (at most two directions and four n/2-bit ports). Once flits are buffered in AS buffer (Path 3) or BS buffer (Path 1), they should go through pipeline stages of the current router. Hossein SeyyedAghaei Rezaei, in Advances in Computers, 2022 3.6 Packet routing If the dropped flit is the first flit or last flit, its approximation is to copy the received flit that is the closest to it. Therefore, the linear interpolation error is small. The data of dropped flits are most relevant to the preceding and following flits. The data in an approximable packet are generally fetched from successive memory blocks hence, the data in a packet (e.g., the adjacent pixels in an image) are considerably similar. Linear interpolation requires only one addition to perform value approximation. We choose linear interpolation due to its low complexity and reasonable accuracy. In this context, the above-mentioned methods are either insufficiently accurate or excessively complex, thereby incurring a high power consumption and a high overhead. Reducing the complexity and enhancing the accuracy are the two main challenges of value approximation. Previous studies have proposed many value approximation designs, such as last value, stride, FCM, and VTAGE. After an approximable packet is transmitted, f the missing flits can be determined based on the locations of the received flits. The location of a flit in the packet is also stored in its header bits and transmitted along with the flit. Therefore, at the destination node, flits from the same approximable packet can be easily gathered together. Due to the ASW design, these flits are transmitted in succession. In the approx-subnet, flits of an approximable data packet are injected (or dropped) within a single-cycle interval. Two stages are required to recover a data packet: (1) determine the missing flits of a data packet and (2) approximate the values in the missing flits. At the destination node, packet recovery is implemented to approximate the missing data in an approximable data packet. In the AMNoC, a multiflit data packet is annotated as approximable only when the packet stores words of the same type (integer or floating point) and only if those words are all approximable. We manually annotate benchmarks in a fashion similar to these methods. In previous approximate designs, some annotation frameworks have been proposed that label sections of the approximable data. Ling Wang, Xiaohang Wang, in Advances in Computers, 2022 5.1.3 Packet recovery Power-Efficient Network-on-Chips: Design and Evaluation
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